Mesothelioma Help

Mesothelioma lawyer and Legal Guide to Lawsuits
Thursday, January 10, 2008
Mesothelioma Legal Guide Topics:
  • Why File a Lawsuit
  • Lawsuit FAQ
  • Understanding Your Legal Rights
  • Time Constraints
  • Overview of a Mesothelioma Lawsuit
  • Filing a Mesothelioma Lawsuit
  • Finding the Right Lawyer
  • Hiring a Lawyer
  • Contact a Lawyer
  • Compensation for Victims

When you are faced with something as devastating as a Mesothelioma diagnosis, you have a right to seek answers about why you weren’t forewarned of the dangers of asbestos, and you have the right to seek reparations for you and your family. If you are a grieving family member or executor of the will of a person who has died from asbestos-related disease or mesothelioma, you may be eligible to file a claim as well and our mesothelioma lawyer can help.

Legal details are understandably the last thing that someone wants to confront after the initial shock of an asbestos-related illness. However, taking advantage of your legal rights can create the necessary funds to finance aggressive treatment, pay off huge medical bills incurred during diagnosis, and provide financial security for your family for years to come.

Proving the link between one’s illness and their asbestos exposure is a difficult and time-consuming responsibility. This is why the guidance of an experienced Mesothelioma lawyer is critical in helping victims and their families seek and receive financial compensation for their profound suffering. A good Mesothelioma attorney understands the unique complexities involved in this kind of lawsuit, including asbestos product identification, specific asbestos-related medical issues, and specific time constraints that narrow the window of opportunity to file a claim. It’s important to find the right Mesothelioma lawyer before your state’s statutes of limitations expire, leaving you and your family grieving and empty-handed. There's no time to wait - contact our lawyers today for a free case review.


Why File a Mesothelioma Lawsuit

Mesothelioma is one of the most disastrous, yet preventable, diseases of the last century. Substantial evidence has emerged proving that the dangers of asbestos exposure - the only known cause of malignant mesothelioma - have been known since as early as the 1920’s. The industry has systematically valued profits over human lives by suppressing such information. This kind of deadly deceit is both immoral and illegal.

A diagnosis of Mesothelioma is a tragic and extremely emotional experience, and the last thing on a victim’s mind is the nightmare of legal logistics. Unfortunately, this is the time when filing a lawsuit is so important, for a successful suit is one of the few ways to ensure financial security for the family, and a rare opportunity to help offset huge medical expenses that pile up during treatment and diagnosis. A successful suit can provide a financial safeguard for you and your family. Don’t wait – contact an experienced Mesothelioma lawyer today.


Mesothelioma Lawsuit FAQ

Lawsuits are perhaps the best way for mesothelioma victims to get the justice they deserve. You should not be intimidated by the legal process, and these questions should help illuminate how you can pursue financial compensation for your condition.

What is mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is a rare type of cancer caused by asbestos exposure that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, and the heart.

What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?

Symptoms for mesothelioma include shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood. Mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose because it shares symptoms with many different conditions, or natural signs of aging. Also, different types of mesothelioma cause different symptoms.

What should people do if diagnosed with an asbestos-related disease?

Victims should follow all the directions of their doctors, but they should also contact an attorney to see if they have reason to pursue legal action against the party responsible for their injuries.

Are there time constraints for filing a Mesothelioma suit?

Yes, individual states have laws called statues of limitations, which limit how much time victims can initiate legal action.

What does the compensation cover?

The compensation you could potentially receive can cover the mounting medical bills resulting from tests and treatment for your illness, the pain and suffering you have experienced as well as the mental anguish and grief suffered by yourself and your family, and financial security for your family after you have gone.

How can I afford to pay a lawyer?

Most mesothelioma lawyers work on a contingency basis, which means they don’t get paid unless you do. This ensures they will devote all their energy to winning your case.

Understanding Your Legal Rights

When you are faced with something as devastating as a Mesothelioma diagnosis, you have a right to seek answers about why you weren’t forewarned of the dangers of asbestos, and you have the right to seek reparations for you and your family. If you are a grieving family member or executor of the will of a person who has died from asbestos-related disease or mesothelioma, you may be eligible to file a claim as well.

Legal details are understandably the last thing that someone wants to confront after the initial shock of an asbestos-related illness. However, taking advantage of your legal rights can create the necessary funds to finance aggressive treatment, pay off huge medical bills incurred during diagnosis, and provide financial security for your family for years to come.

Understanding your legal rights is the first step towards receiving atonement for the grievous and unjust negligence that led to you or your loved one becoming so ill. Although money could never rectify the devastating harms already done, a victory can provide emotional closure and make sure that your family is protected financially as well. Don't be intimidated by powerful companies who jeopardized your safety - contact an experienced mesothelioma lawyer today who can help you understand and protect your legal rights today.


Time Constraints of a Mesothelioma Lawsuit

Time is especially critical when dealing with a heartbreaking diagnosis of Mesothelioma or any other asbestos-related disease. Because of the extremely quick progression of the cancer after diagnosis, there is little time to waste before fighting for important reparations that can offset huge medical expenses and provide financial security for the family as well.

Though no one wants to deal with legal issues so soon after a traumatic diagnosis or untimely death of a loved one, it is absolutely imperative that you contact an experienced Mesothelioma lawyer as soon as possible. This sense of urgency is not only due to the rapid speed of the malignancy, but also because varying statutes of limitations require that you file a claim within a few years of a Mesothelioma diagnosis. Missing out on this window of opportunity could be disastrous for families and victims already reeling from the shock of the disease.


Overview of a Mesothelioma Lawsuit

A diagnosis of any asbestos-related disease is not only emotionally exhausting, but financially draining as well. A Mesothelioma lawsuit is an important way to fund treatment options for victims and to provide necessary financial security for their family's future. Because of the aggressive nature of this cancer, a victim tragically has limited time to spend with loved ones and to prepare for after they are gone.

The absolute first step after receiving such a devastating diagnosis is to seek expert medical care and a strong emotional support network to aid in the uphill fight against the malignancy. Quality healthcare is important in helping to manage both the physical symptoms of the disease and the emotional grief that accompanies a terminal illness.

However, the next step must be to contact a qualified Mesothelioma attorney who is experienced in the complexities of asbestos-related law and who can help make the negligent industry take responsibility for their greed. A successful lawsuit can provide the necessary financial compensation to aid with expensive medical bills and to ensure the financial security of your family in the future. A lawyer specializing in Mesothelioma cases will know how to establish and prove a victim’s exposure history, which is often essential information for a successful lawsuit. Don’t let time run out before you fight for what you deserve. Call a lawyer in your state today.


Filing a Mesothelioma Lawsuit

There are little experiences more devastating than a terminal diagnosis or the sudden death of a loved one. This is why filing a Mesothelioma lawsuit as soon as possible is so important; not only does it give victims a tangible way to fight the greed of the asbestos industry and help bring about systematic change, but it also helps provide financial security for paying medical bills and providing for one’s family. Speed is vitally important – not only are victims left with a miniscule amount of time after diagnosis, but statutes of limitations can prevent the claim from being filed at all.

It’s also important to find the right Mesothelioma lawyer – someone who you can trust to lead such a crucial undertaking. Asbestos-related claims are complex, and a solid link between illness and exposure must be proven. It takes extraordinary focus and incredible compassion to fight decades of methodical lies in order to win needed funds for a victim’s remaining days and their family’s security. If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma or have lost a loved one to the disease, don’t hesitate to call a lawyer today, before it’s too late to get what you deserve.


Finding the Right Mesothelioma Lawyer

If you are suffering from the horrible effects of asbestos exposure, you are not alone. Because of the shameless and systematic deception of the asbestos industry, Mesothelioma litigation can reap large settlements for victims and can be extremely profitable for attorneys as well. Therefore there’s been a huge influx of lawyers joining the fight against these manufacturers and the field has become so crowded that it’s extremely important to carefully select someone truly qualified in Mesothelioma law.

Proving the link between one’s illness and their asbestos exposure is a difficult and time-consuming responsibility. This is why an experienced Mesothelioma lawyer is critical in helping victims seek and receive vital reparations for their suffering. A good Mesothelioma attorney understands the unique complexities involved in this kind of lawsuit, including asbestos product identification, specific asbestos-related medical issues, and specific time constraints that narrow the window of opportunity to file a claim. It’s important to find the right Mesothelioma lawyer before your state’s statutes of limitations expire, leaving you and your family empty-handed. Contact one today.


Hiring a Mesothelioma Lawyer

There are little experiences more devastating than a terminal diagnosis or the sudden death of a loved one. This is why filing a Mesothelioma lawsuit as soon as possible is so important; not only does it give victims a tangible way to fight the greed of the asbestos industry and help bring about systematic change, but it also helps provide financial security for paying medical bills and providing for one’s family. Speed is vitally important – not only are victims left with a miniscule amount of time after diagnosis, but statutes of limitations can prevent the claim from being filed at all.

Facts for Hiring a Mesothelioma Lawyer:

It’s also important to find the right Mesothelioma lawyer – someone who you can trust to lead such a crucial undertaking. Asbestos-related claims are complex, and a solid link between illness and exposure must be proven. It takes extraordinary focus and incredible compassion to fight decades of methodical lies in order to win needed funds for a victim’s remaining days and their family’s security. If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma or have lost a loved one to the disease, don’t hesitate to call a lawyer today, before it’s too late to get what you deserve. Many law firms may accept your mesothelioma case, but our firm actually litigates your case. This is a highly important fact so be sure to ask.

Mesothelioma Lawyers Guide:

We represent mesothelioma victims nationwide. To begin simply fill out the form provided. We can personally come to your home 24 hours to consult with you and your family. We make the process of finding the right mesothelioma lawyer easy.


Contact a Mesothelioma Lawyer

A diagnosis of Mesothelioma is a tragic and extremely emotional experience, and the last thing on a victim’s mind is the nightmare of legal logistics. Unfortunately, this is the time when filing a lawsuit is so important, for a successful suit is one of the few ways to ensure financial security for the family, and a rare opportunity to help offset huge medical expenses that pile up during treatment and diagnosis. A successful suit can provide a financial safeguard for you and your family. Don’t wait – contact an experienced Mesothelioma lawyer today.

Steps for Contacting a Mesothelioma Lawyer:

Some of the things to remember when you need to contact a mesothelioma lawyer – is to make sure that firm actually are the ones to litigate the case – some law firms simply pass your case to a different firm. We care about your case and can even come to your home.

If you are suffering from the debilitating disease called mesothelioma, or have lost a loved one to it, you may have the right to receive reparations from the industry that failed to adequately warn consumers of the risks associated with their product. A knowledgeable and understanding mesothelioma lawyer will help you fight the complete financial compensation to help counter those increased medical expenses and to provide financial security for your family's future. Don't hesitate though, because the law limits how much time you have to file your claim - contact a mesothelioma lawyer today.


Compensation for Mesothelioma Victims

If you’ve been one of the growing number of victims suffering from a heartbreaking mesothelioma affliction or other asbestos-related disease, you have the right to be compensated for your horrible experience. Though no amount of money can make up for the physical pain and emotional turmoil that comes with a terminal illness, you can at least begin to take financial control of escalating medical bills, fund aggressive therapy treatments, and provide for your family’s security long after you are gone.

It has been proven that asbestos manufacturers were aware of the dangers of the material as early as the 1920s but actively conspired to keep their knowledge of these hazards secret for over 50 years. Finally, with public outcry and government intervention, the industry is willingly negotiating settlements with the innocent victims. Don't wait until it's too late, leaving you to face an inevitable passing empty-handed. Contact an experienced mesothelioma lawyer today, so that you can help provide for your family's tomorrow.

http://www.resource4mesothelioma.com

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Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers
Wednesday, January 9, 2008
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the mesothelium, a protective sac that covers most of the body’s internal organs. Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles.

  1. What is the mesothelium?
  2. The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: One layer immediately surrounds the organ; the other forms a sac around it. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures.

    The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.

  3. What is mesothelioma?
  4. Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.

  5. How common is mesothelioma?
  6. Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.

  7. What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?
  8. Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

    Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

    Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person’s risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.

  9. Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?
  10. Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.

    The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.

    There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.

  11. What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?
  12. Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

    These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.

  13. How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
  14. Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient’s medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.

    A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

    If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.

    Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.

  15. How is mesothelioma treated?
  16. Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.

    • Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.
    • Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).
    • Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).

    To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.

  17. Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?
  18. Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.

    People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER. Information specialists at the CIS use PDQ®, NCI’s cancer information database, to identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials. Patients also have the option of searching for clinical trials on their own. The clinical trials page on the NCI’s Cancer.gov Web site, located at http://www.cancer.gov/clinical_trials on the Internet, provides general information about clinical trials and links to PDQ.

    People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Clinical Trials: What Cancer Patients Need To Know. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at http://www.cancer.gov/publications on the Internet.

http://www.cancer.gov

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Where this mesothelioma information comes from
On this page are the major sources of information that we use to put together this section of CancerHelp UK.

All our information is checked by cancer specialists and surgeons who specialise in treating cancer. The names of our specialist reviewers are at the end of this list. We also try to find patients to review all our sections. If you have had mesothelioma, are a resident of the UK and would like to become a patient reviewer, You can write to us by clicking on 'contact us' at the top of the page.

British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee

Statement on malignant mesothelioma in the UK

Published in Thorax, 2001, vol 56, pp250-265
(also available on line from the British Thoracic Society)

De Vita, V.T., Hellman, S. and Rosenberg S.A.
Principles and practice of oncology (6th edition)
Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2001

NICE
www.nice.org.uk
(Appraisal in development only at time of writing)

Souhami R & Tobias J

Cancer and its management (4th edition)

Blackwell, 2003

US National Cancer Institute

Information on the treatment of mesothelioma

http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/types/malignantmesothelioma/

Waller D. A.
Malignant mesothelioma - British surgical strategies
Lung Cancer, 2004, vol 455, ppS81 - 84

Specialist reviewers:

Mr Marcelo Migliore, MD PhD FETCS
Dr J Steele, MD FRCP
Mr D Waller, BM बस

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
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Questions for your doctor about living with mesothelioma
  • How long will it take me to get over my treatment?
  • What precautions will I have to take while I am recovering?
  • What practical help is available?
  • Can I go back to work?
  • Can I take up my usual hobbies and sports again?
  • Can I go abroad on holiday?
  • Can I drink alcohol?
  • My partner and I would like to see a counsellor. Can you put us in touch with someone? How much will this cost?
  • Can you help me with claiming compensation for my illness from my former employers?
Note: To print these questions, go to our printer friendly version using this link or the link at the top of the page. Then use the PRINT button at the top of your browser screen. If there is no PRINT button, there is advice on how to print on CancerHelp UK।

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
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Living with advanced cancer
Finding out that you have advanced cancer when you are diagnosed, or that your cancer has come back can be devastating. You probably feel confused and find it difficult to take anything in that is being said to you.

At first, you are likely to experience a whirl of powerful emotions. Anger, fear, and sadness may come one on top of the other, leaving you exhausted. You may think you should be talking all this through with your partner, other family members or close friends. But you may find this impossible to do.

Give yourself time to begin to come to terms with what you have been told. You will benefit from talking to others about how you are feeling. But not necessarily straight away. Some people need to begin to put their own thoughts in order before they can talk to anyone else. Some feel they need to talk straight away. Trying to talk things through helps them sort out their own thoughts and feelings. There is no right or wrong way to handle this.

What does advanced cancer mean?


Having advanced cancer means your cancer cannot be cured. But it very rarely means you are immediately terminally ill. There are treatments available that can slow your cancer down. It may be possible to shrink it and put it into remission for quite a while. You will need to talk very carefully to your own specialist to understand
  • What the diagnosis means
  • What treatment is available
  • How treatment can help you
You are likely to feel very anxious and uncertain about the future. And there will be days when the cancer is the only thing you can think about. But many people say that a diagnosis of advanced cancer helps them appreciate ordinary everyday things much more than they did. You have an opportunity to work out your priorities. Think about what is important to you and what isn't. There may be things you had always wanted to do. Having cancer doesn't mean you have to abandon all your plans. You may have to adapt some and one or two may be less realistic than they were. But you may also feel it is time to get round to something you'd always wanted to do but never made the time for.

Coping with every day life


It is important that you feel as well as you possibly can. If you haven't already been referred, ask your hospital doctor or GP about a Macmillan nurse. Macmillan nurses can help control your cancer symptoms and improve the quality of your life physically. Many have counselling training and can help you work through some of the emotions you are experiencing.

If you are having any physical difficulties in coping at home your Macmillan nurse or a district nurse can talk to you about ways you may cope more easily. They can help you to get simple mobility aids, for example a seat to help you get in and out of the bath. And tell you how to get more permanent adaptations such as safety rails fitted in your bathroom.

Macmillan nurses have information about charitable funds who can provide grants for mobility aids, heating costs, help with holidays and many other household expenses related to your illness or quality of life. They also have information on benefits available to you or to someone helping to care for you.

If you are having problems with breathlessness there is information on coping with this in the living with lung cancer section of CancerHelp UK.

Knowing what to expect can help to alleviate anxiety. Talk to your doctor or nurse about your illness and treatment. It is important that you know all the options.

There are organisations that can provide information about cancer and treatment. Or put you in touch with cancer support groups where you can talk to others who have been through similar experiences to your own.

If you would like to talk to someone outside your own friends and family, look in our help and support section for counselling organisations।

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
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Coping with mesothelioma
It can be very difficult coping with a diagnosis of mesothelioma both practically and emotionally. You are likely to be feeling very upset and confused. Mesothelioma is often diagnosed at quite an advanced stage. As well as coping with your diagnosis, you may be trying to cope with the news that your cancer is very difficult to treat and unlikely to be curable.

As well as coping with the fear and anxiety that any diagnosis of cancer brings, you have to work out how to manage practically. There may be money matters to sort out. Who do you tell that you have cancer? And how do you find the words? There may be children to consider.

It is important that you have enough information to enable you to make decisions about your treatment if that is what you want. At every stage you and your relatives or carers should be offered clear and comprehensive information both verbally and in writing about all aspects of your cancer and its treatment.

The coping with cancer section of CancerHelp UK contains lots of information you may find helpful. There are sections on
You should have access to physiotherapists, specialist nurses and social workers who can all help you manage at home, as well as in hospital.

There are support groups located around the country where you can discuss your feelings and fears with other people who are in the same situation. Look in help and support for organisations that can put you in touch with local support groups. Your GP can also help to arrange social and/or psychological support for you as appropriate.

Compensation


Most cases of mesothelioma are related to exposure to asbestos. If you know you were exposed to asbestos at work, you may be able to claim compensation from your employer at the time of the exposure. Of course, no one is suggesting that anything could really compensate you for having mesothelioma. But it may be helpful for you and your family to have some extra funds to fall back on at a difficult time.

If you are interested in trying to make a compensation claim, look in our mesothelioma organisations section for help। Your specialist will have come across this before with mesothelioma and will have to provide evidence supporting your claim.

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
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What's new in mesothelioma
This page is about research into mesothelioma causes, prevention and treatments. You can use these links to go straight to sections on

Why research?

All treatments have to be fully researched before they can be adopted as standard treatment for everyone. This is so that

  • We can be sure they work
  • We can be sure they work better than the treatments that are available at the moment
  • They are known to be safe
First of all, treatments are developed and tested in laboratories. For ethical and safety reasons, experimental treatments must be tested in the laboratory before they can be tried in patients. If a treatment described here is said to be at the laboratory stage of research, it is not ready for patients and is not available either within or outside the NHS.

Tests in patients are called clinical trials. There are 4 phases of clinical trials. This is fully explained in the understanding clinical trials section of CancerHelp UK. If you are interested in taking part in a clinical trial, click the button on the left of your screen to visit our searchable database of clinical trials recruiting in the UK. If there is a trial you are interested in, print it off and take it to your own specialist. If the trial is suitable for you, your doctor will need to make the referral to the research team.

All the new approaches covered here are the subject of ongoing research. Mesothelioma is one of the hardest types of cancers to treat. Progress has been made in treating this type of cancer. But we need to learn a lot more about this disease and how best to treat it.

Until research studies are completed and new effective treatments are found, the treatments covered here cannot be used as standard therapy for mesothelioma.

Causes and prevention


Mesothelioma is most often linked to exposure to asbestos. So much of the research into this disease is based on finding out exactly how asbestos affects the normal cells of the lining of the chest and abdominal cavities. If we can have a better understanding of how asbestos fibres cause cancer and how exposure to this chemical affects us, then we may be able to help prevent the disease. Researchers know that there can be an incredibly long time lag between exposure to asbestos and developing mesothelioma. It can be 40 years or more. This probably meant that it took longer to spot the connection between asbestos and cancer than it otherwise would. But we know now, and the use of asbestos in many countries is now illegal.

There has been talk for the past few years about a link between a virus called the simian virus (SV40) and developing mesothelioma. Some polio vaccine preparations were contaminated with SV40 between 1955 and 1963 and doctors were concerned that people who'd had them may be at increased risk. One large study has indicated that these people are not at an increased risk of mesothelioma or other types of cancers. The study was published in 2003 and found that mesothelioma rates were actually falling in this group of people. If there is a link between SV40 and mesothelioma, it is likely to be much less important that the link with asbestos.

There is some evidence that your genetic make up could affect your risk of mesothelioma. As well as asbestos, exposure to a mineral called erionite is a risk factor. Researchers in Turkey found that in families exposed to this mineral, in some families all the family members developed mesothelioma and in other families, no one developed it. They think that there is a gene in some families in Turkey that increases their risk. (This article is published in The Lancet, volume 357, issue 9254, page 444.) This could explain why some people are exposed to asbestos and do not develop mesothelioma, while others who are exposed do. There is a lot more research to be done before we will know if there are specific gene changes that can increase your risk of mesothelioma. It will be some years after this has been completed before there will be any chance of testing for such a gene.

In the past, asbestos was used widely in the
  • Building industry
  • Ship building industry
  • Manufacture of household appliances
  • Motor industry
  • Power stations
  • Telephone exchanges
There is a study going on in the UK looking at the occupations of men and women and the development of mesothelioma and lung cancer (MALCS). There is information about this trial on our clinical trials data base. Choose Lung: Mesothelioma from the drop down menu of cancer types to find mesothelioma trials.

Finding a tumour marker for mesothelioma


Mesothelioma can be very difficult to diagnose. This is because there are many different types of cells that can make up a mesothelioma tumour. Mesothelioma tumour cells are very similar to some types of lung cancer cells. Sometimes it can be very difficult for a pathologist to decide whether or not the cancerous cells are mesothelioma cells, lung cancer cells or even, sarcoma cells.

To help with diagnosis, scientists are trying to find a tumour marker for mesothelioma. A tumour marker is a chemical given off by cancer cells that can be found in the blood and picked up in a blood test. If a definite tumour marker could be discovered for mesothelioma this would be of great benefit for doctors in making more accurate diagnosis of this disease and may also be helpful to monitor the success of treatment.

An Australian paper, published in The Lancet in November 2003, is about this search. The researchers were looking into tests for proteins related to mesothelioma. This is early research, but they have had promising results. In their study, 84% of people with mesothelioma tested positive, compared to 2% with other cancers or other lung disease. In a group of people who had been exposed to asbestos but did not have mesothelioma, 7 out of 40 tested positive. 3 of these 7 developed mesothelioma and another got lung cancer within 5 years of the positive test. None of the 33 people who tested negative got mesothelioma within the 8 years following the study. It may be that researchers can build on this work to develop a test for screening for mesothelioma and tests for monitoring the disease in people who already have it.

Chemotherapy

It has been a major challenge for doctors to find chemotherapy drugs that work well in treating malignant mesothelioma. Many trials have been done using epirubicin, doxorubicin, cisplatin and methotrexate, but no standard treatment has been set. This has led researchers to look at newer chemotherapy drugs in combination with some already tried. Drugs and combinations in trial include

Most studies giving gemcitabine alone have not been successful. A small number of trials using gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin, have produced some promising results. Many doctors now use this combination of drugs to treat malignant mesothelioma. But more trials are needed before it may be considered as standard treatment. There is information on the side effects of gemcitabine in the side effects of cancer drugs page of CancerHelp UK.

In one study 29 patients were given vinorelbine alone, 6 (24%) patients disease improved and 16 (55%) patients disease remained stable. This has led to further trials using this drug. A trial called MS-01 has been comparing active symptom control (ASC) with ASC and vinorelbine and with ASC, mitomycin, vinblastine and cisplatin. This trial has now closed and we are waiting for the results. You can find information about the side effects of vinorelbine, cisplatin, mitomycin C and vinblastine in the cancer drugs section of Cancerhelp UK.

Topotecan and irinotecan have not shown significant responses when given by themselves. But in combination with other drugs, there have been some good results. There was a trial looking at irinotecan, cisplatin and mitomycin C (IPM). The results were encouraging, but more investigations are needed.

There is information about the side effects of topotecan, cisplatin and irinotecan in the cancer drugs section of CancerHelp UK.

Pemetrexed is a type of chemotherapy drug. It is also called Alimta. It is a little similar to another drug in regular use called methotrexate. It has been used in the largest phase 3 clinical trial ever conducted for malignant pleural mesothelioma. This international trial began in 1998 and results were reported on in May 2002. The study was aimed at finding out whether pemetrexed plus cisplatin was more effective in treating malignant mesothelioma than cisplatin alone. All patients were given supplements of vitamin B12 and folic acid to help reduce side effects (such as diarrhoea). The outcome of this trial was promising. A number of recent trials are now looking at the use of pemetrexed in combination with other chemotherapy agents.

Pemetrexed has now been licensed in the UK for use in combination with cisplatin to treat mesothelioma. This was announced by the company who developed it on 1st November 2004. In August 2005 pemetrexed was approved for use in Scotland by the Scottish Medicines Consortium. In July 2007 NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) announced that they would recommend it for use in England and Wales, for people with advanced mesothelioma which is not suitable for surgery, who are fit enough to look after themselves. Others who are already receiving pemetrexed will be able to continue their treatment while they and their doctors agree that it is helpful. NICE's final decision is expected in September 2007.

There is more about pemetrexed in the question and answer section of CancerHelp UK.

Chemotherapy for controlling symptoms


A trial reported in 2004 on the combination of raltitrexed (Tomudex) and cisplatin. The researchers believe that this combination is better for advanced mesothelioma that cisplatin on its own. But the actual difference between the two groups in this trial was quite small.

Onconase

Onconase is an experimental chemotherapy drug, made from leopard frog eggs. It is not available in the UK. We have included it here because you may have come across information about it on the web. Onconase may have fewer side effects than many other chemotherapy drugs. But not all the side effects may be known as yet. A phase 3 clinical trial has been going on in the USA and Germany comparing the use of Onconase with doxorubicin to doxorubicin alone for people with mesothelioma. Unfortunately, the trial reports aren't very promising. The researchers say that onconase may be better than doxorubicin for some patients, but doxorubicin isn't the chemotherapy drug of choice for mesothelioma now anyway.

Treating fluid around the lung

In mesothelioma, fluid can collect inside the chest. This makes it more difficult for your lung to expand and so it is harder to breathe. Doctors call this pleural effusion. It is usual to treat this by drawing off the fluid and 'sticking' the pleura together. Doctors do this by putting in some sort of irritant, usually bcg vaccine, talc or chemotherapy. You can also treat pleural effusion by operating to remove the pleura (a pleurectomy). This is called a pleurectomy. There is a trial that is comparing these two approaches to see which is better. While this trial is open and recruiting patients, it will be listed on our clinical trials database. To find it and other trials, go to the database and choose 'lung - mesothelioma' from the drop down menu of cancer types.

Surgery


Major surgery for people with mesothelioma has not always been thought a good idea by surgeons. This is because surgery cannot cure the disease. And because many people with mesothelioma are not fit enough to get through a very large operation. But the point of surgery in mesothelioma is to slow the cancer down, rather than cure it. The operation that can be done to remove mesothelioma is called an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). This means removing the lung and the lining of the chest cavity (the pleura) on the affected side. It may help people to live more comfortably for longer. But this has to be tested because, on the other hand, it could mean that having such major surgery means people die sooner than they would have.

In 2001 a programme was started in the UK to look at patients with mesothelioma and see who would benefit most from this type of surgery. 45 patients have been evaluated and 21 patients have been operated on. Of these patients, so far 16 of these patients (about 75%) have lived for at least 6 months and 13 of them have lived for at least 12 months (about 60%). This programme has led to a trial called 'MARS' which opened in 2005. The MARS trial is looking at the benefits and risks of EPP for mesothelioma patients who have had chemotherapy. Results from some studies in the USA suggest that giving a course of radiotherapy after the EPP will help to keep the disease under control for even longer. Some patients in the MARS trial will have an EPP operation combined with radical radiotherapy. Others will have other treatments, such as radiotherapy or less major surgery. There is more information about the MARS trial on our clinical trials database. Either follow the link or click on the blue button to the left of your CancerHelp UK screen. Then choose lung, and select mesothelioma, from the drop down list of cancer types.

Gene therapy


There are a number of new types of treatments being researched that can be put under this heading. Some doctors and researchers are now calling this type of treatment 'molecular therapy', which is a more general term including research into

By studying how changes in these genes cause normal cells to become cancerous, scientists aim to eventually develop gene therapy where damaged genes in the cancer cells can be replaced with normal ones.

The main focus of gene therapy research for mesothelioma involves injecting a virus that has been modified in the laboratory. The virus is injected into the pleural space in your chest, where mesothelioma develops. The idea is that the virus infects the mesothelioma cells with a gene. The gene makes the cancer sensitive to a specific drug that will kill the mesothelioma cells. Without the virus carrying this gene into the cells, the drug would not usually kill them. Much gene therapy research is still centred on how to get the virus into the cancer cells reliably and it will be a while before we will be able to see whether this will develop into a useful treatment. We don't know of any current mesothelioma gene therapy trials that are open and recruiting patients in the UK.

Anti-angiogenic therapy


Angiogenesis means growth of new blood vessels. As they get bigger, cancers need to grow their own blood vessels. Without its own blood supply, a cancer cannot continue to grow. Two of the most important chemicals controlling blood vessel growth are called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). People with mesothelioma have much higher levels of VEGF than people with any other type of cancer. If the VEGF can be blocked, this could control the growth of blood vessels supplying the mesothelioma tumours. This treatment is a type of biological therapy. These are treatments that use natural body substances (or drugs that block them) to treat cancer. There is more about biological therapies in our cancer treatments section. A drug called bevacizumab is a treatment that stops production of VEGF.

Bevacizumab has been studied in a number of cancers, including mesothelioma, and bowel, kidney, breast, ovarian, non small cell lung, and prostate cancers. One trial recently reported that this drug may increase survival for patients with lung cancer. An American phase 2 trial tested bevacizumab for mesothelioma, in combination with the chemotherapy drugs gemcitabine and cisplatin. This trial closed in 2005, and we are waiting for the results.

Bevacizumab is still very experimental and much larger trials are needed before we will know how effective it will be in treating mesothelioma and other types of cancers.

Immunotherapy


Immunotherapy is treatment with natural substances that the body uses to fight infection and disease. Immunotherapy works by encouraging the body's natural defence system - the immune system - to attack cancer cells. Immunotherapy is really a type of biological therapy. These are a group of treatments that use natural body substances (or drugs that block them) to treat cancer. There is a separate section about biological therapy (including immunotherapy) in CancerHelp UK.

The types of immunotherapies being researched for mesothelioma include

Interferon and interleukin 2


Two types of immunotherapy in trials for mesothelioma are interferon and interleukin-2 (also called IL-2 or aldesleukin). Interferon has been used in trials both on its own and in combination with various chemotherapy drugs. The results of the combination treatment haven't been any better than the chemotherapy drugs on their own. More trials have to be done before we know how useful interferon will be in treating mesothelioma.

IL-2 is made naturally as part of the body's immune response. But now it can be made in the laboratory and used in much larger quantities as cancer treatment. IL-2 can be injected directly into the pleural cavity (intrapleurally) or into the bloodstream. Clinical trials using both these methods have shown some success in stage 1 and 2 mesothelioma. Unfortunately most mesothelioma patients are diagnosed at a later stage than this, when this treatment is not very effective.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)


This is a relatively new treatment that is used for a few types of cancers. In PDT, a drug called a photosensitising agent is injected into the bloodstream and absorbed by the body's cells. The drug makes cells sensitive to light. When the area to be treated is exposed to laser light, the cells are killed.

PDT has to be combined with an operation to treat mesothelioma. This has been tried for early stage mesothelioma. The photosensitising drug is injected into your bloodstream a few days before surgery. During surgery, the surgeon then shines the laser light directly onto the pleura.

PDT has been shown to be a safe type of treatment with other types of cancer. But in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials for mesothelioma, there were some major complications on a few occasions and so doctors have not widely accepted this treatment। It is particularly likely to be risky when used with major surgery and this combination of treatments is not available in the UK. There are no claims that this treatment will cure anyone of mesothelioma. It is very experimental. We have included it here because it is something you may have read or heard about.

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
posted by Vick Template @ 2:55 PM   0 comments
Questions for your doctor about surgery for mesothelioma
  • Is it possible for me to have surgery for mesothelioma?
  • You say surgery won't help me - why is that?
  • Can I get a second opinion on whether surgery will help me?
  • Why are you suggesting surgery for me?
  • What do you expect the treatment to do for me?
  • What exactly will you do?
  • Is there anything I can do to get ready for the operation?
  • What are the possible complications of this sort of operation?
  • How long will I be in hospital?
  • Is there anything I can do to help myself recover?
  • Where will I be when I wake up?
  • How soon can my family visit me?
  • Is there anything I shouldn't do after the operation?
  • How long will it take me to get over the surgery?
  • How well should I expect to be once I have got over the operation itself?
Note: To print these questions, go to our printer friendly version using this link or the link at the top of the page. Then use the PRINT button at the top of your browser screen. If there is no PRINT button, there is advice on how to print on CancerHelp UK।

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
posted by Vick Template @ 2:54 PM   0 comments
After your mesothelioma surgery
After the operation you will be cared for in a high dependency or intensive care unit. You will have a few tubes in place when you wake up. Depending on the operation you have had, you may have

  • An intravenous infusion (drip) to give you liquid
  • Drainage tubes from your chest to stop fluid collecting there
  • A tube down your nose and into your stomach to stop you feeling sick
  • An oxygen mask
  • A tube into your bladder so you won't have to get up to pass urine and so that your nurse can record your urine output (this helps to show that your kidneys are working properly)
  • A fine tube going into your back, carrying painkillers
The drip will be taken out as soon as you can start eating and drinking again. After surgery for pleural mesothelioma, this is usually the day after the operation.

After peritonectomy, it may be longer before you can eat or drink. Your doctor will listen to your abdomen with a stethoscope. As soon as the doctor can hear your bowel working again, you will be able to start taking sips of water. Gradually you will work up to eating and drinking normally.

The drainage tubes usually stay in as long as they carry on draining fluid. This could be more than a week. If you have had just the pleura removed, you will have one or two tubes called chest drains coming out of your chest on the side where you have had your surgery. These are attached to glass bottles, which are attached to some gentle suction. The suction helps your lung on that side to re-inflate after collapsing during the operation. Sometimes, the drains may just be connected to a drainage bag.

The nurses will help you to get up and move around gently as soon as possible. This helps you to get better and makes complications such as chest infections or blood clots much less likely.

Painkillers


You will almost certainly have some discomfort for the first few days after your operation. But there is no reason why your pain cannot be kept under control. There are many pain killing drugs you can have. If you are in pain, it is important you tell the nurse or doctor as soon as possible. With your help, they will be able to find the right type and dose of painkiller for you. There is information on different types of painkillers in our pain control section.

After most major chest operations, the side of the chest is kept numb by a local anaesthetic pumped into your spine. This is called an epidural. It is a very effective way of controlling pain. The tube that carries the anaesthetic is put in while you are still asleep in the operating theatre. It will stay in for up to a week, even when you are up and about. There is a little more information on epidurals in our pain control section.

After your epidural has been removed, you may still need painkillers to keep you comfortable. Painkillers work best when you take them regularly, so don't suffer in silence. It is important for you to be comfortable so that you can breathe deeply, cough and move around as freely as possible. All these activities will help stop a chest infection or blood clot developing.

Pain can sometimes be a long term problem following this type of operation but there are effective medications you can have. Pain may start a few weeks or months after their operation. This is usually because nerve endings that have been damaged during the operation have started to grow back. This pain will go when the nerve endings have recovered, but can take some time to get better. If you have any pain after your operation, do go and see your doctor to find out what is causing the pain. If they can't sort it out right away, a referral to a pain clinic will almost certainly help.

After these types of surgery most people find that they can return to their normal social live and pastimes. But, because of the mesothelioma, few people ever return to full time work. You may be able to get disability living allowance or attendance allowance after this type of major treatment. Some surgeons tell people that they should try to enjoy life to the full. The surgery is likely to slow down the disease, but it will come back at some point. If financially possible, you may want to give up work anyway and do some of the things you've never had time for.

Going home


You can usually go home about a week after pleurectomy and about 2 weeks or so after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP).

Your stitches will need to come out about 2 weeks after your operation. You may be asked to come back to the hospital or to go to your GP surgery to have this done. You will be given an outpatients appointment before you leave the hospital. Once you have recovered from EPP, your surgeon will refer you to a cancer specialist to have chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Remember - if you have any worries or symptoms before your out-patient appointment, contact your doctor or the hospital ward। You should not wait until your first out-patient appointment if you have a query or problem.

http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk
posted by Vick Template @ 2:54 PM   0 comments
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